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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In science and mathematics, an open problem or an open question is a known problem that can be accurately stated, and has not yet been solved (no solution for it is known). Notable examples of for-long open problems in mathematics, that have been solved and closed by researchers in the late twentieth century, are Fermat''s Last Theorem and the four color map theorem. Important open problems exist in many fields, such as theoretical computer science, physics and mathematics. One of the most important open problems in biochemistry is how to predict a protein''s structure from its sequence this is the protein structure prediction problem. It is common in graduate schools to point out open problems to students. Graduate students as well as faculty members often engage in research to solve such problems.
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